Several factors are important: pea plants are available in many different varieties, with distinguishable characteristics. Also, Mendel could strictly control which plants were crossed with which (by removing the immature stamens of a plant before they produced pollen, and dusting pollen from another chosen plant onto the flowers of the first). He chose to study only plants with characteristics that were "either-or"; that is, there were two clear possibilities, with no "in-between" varieties. Also, he made sure that he started his experiments with varieties that were true-breeding (thus, homozygous).
Flowers
Birthday Flowers
Sympathy Flowers
First and foremost was the fact that they were a plant that Mendel was already familiar with. Along with that they were very recognizable traits that could be exploited. Mendel found pea plants with distinct blossom colors; purple vs white, distinct seed conditions; smooth vs wrinkled, distinct seed color; green vs yellow and distinct plant height; short (dwarf) vs tall. These were all easy to discern and the pea is easily artificially pollenated by brushing pollen of a specific contributor onto another specific flower.
Reply:they had many phenotypes which would make things easier
he also conducted experiments with fruit flies because of the visual characteristics
Reply:Its open structure is helpful; however, the main advantage of using peas was that they had visible variation.
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